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Leverage and Margin
When you talk about leverage, think about a loan. Who gives away this kind of loan? FOREX broker who takes care of the trader’s account provides the loan. Possible options of leverage are 50:1, 100:1 or 200:1 depending on a broker and the size of the position you are trading.
Standard lot size is USD $100,000 so for a trade of this size the leverage is usually 50:1 or 100:1.
For a trade smaller then $50,000 (mini lot size -USD $10,000) the leverage is usually 200:1.
Sounds a bit crazy, but that’s the way the cookie crumbles! That being said, lets see yet another example:
For your deposit of, let’s say, $1,000 you can trade 1 lot of $100,000. And with $7,000 you will trade up to $700,000. In this example the broker asks a 1% margin (minimum security) for each lot – for every $100,000 traded, the broker wants a deposit of $1,000. First, let’s look at the example of trading without margin.
SCENE 1: You have opened an account of $1,000 with 100:1 leverage. So basically you have the purchase power of $100,000. And you see that USD/JPY exchange rate at 109.3.
In case you decide to trade without margin, you only have $1,000 of buying power. With $1000 the maximum amount of Yen you can buy is 109,300 Yen. Not sure how we came up with this number? Here is the explanation:
USD/JPY exchange rate at 109.3
Base currency = USD. The base currency always has a value of 1. This means that for 1 USD you can buy 109.3 JPY. This also leads to the conclusion that for 1,000 USD you can buy 1,000 x 109.3 = 109,300 JPY.
SCENE 2: Later on you see that USD/JPY exchange rate at 109.0. It is time to see off your Japanese Yen and get some profit! How much dollars can you get for 109,300 JPY at the current exchange rate? Let’s calculate:
109,300 / 109.0 = USD 1002.75
CONCLUSION: So, initially you had USD $1,000 and now you have got USD $1002.75. Your profit is
1002.75 -1,000 = $2.75
Now let’s consider the same example but trading with margin
SCENE 1: With margin, your account of $1,000 has a power of $100,000. You buy Japanese Yen while USD/JPY exchange rate at 109.3. How much Yen did you get for $100,000?
100,000 x 109.3 = JPY 10,930,000
SCENE 2: Now USD/JPY exchange rate at 109.0 and you want to buy USD back. How much can you get?
10,930,000 / 109.0 =100,275
CONCLUSION: The profit you have made in this trade is 100,275 – 100,000 = USD $275.
The given examples are of course much simpler then the real marketing situation, but it illustrates the main trading idea in a comprehensive way.
Leverage can be represented as a ratio or in terms of margin percentage. In order to understand both representations, remember this:
Leverage = 100 divided by Margin Percent
Margin Percent = 100 divided by Leverage
We are already seen examples of leverage represented by a ratio – 50:1, 100:1, or 200:1.
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generator balancing
Generator Balancing: Understanding Its Importance
Generator balancing, also known as dynamic balancing, is an essential process that ensures the optimal functioning and longevity of rotating equipment, including various types of generators and machinery. Proper balancing minimizes vibrations that can lead to wear and tear, enhancing not only the performance but also the safety and reliability of the equipment. In this context, a portable balancer and vibration analyzer, such as the Balanset series, plays a critical role in achieving precision and efficiency in the balancing process.
The Role of Portable Balancers
Portable balancers are designed to provide a convenient and effective means for conducting dynamic balancing in a range of industries. The Balanset-1A, for instance, is a two-channel device suitable for balancing in two planes. This flexibility allows users to apply the technology to various types of rotors, including crushers, fans, augers, and turbines. The ability to dynamically balance these components is crucial, as any imbalance can lead to significant operational inefficiencies and potential hazards during operation.
Dynamic Balancing Explained
Dynamic balancing refers to the process of ensuring that the center of mass of a rotating body aligns with its axis of rotation. When an object is dynamically balanced, it completes its rotations without generating excessive vibrations. The Balanset-4, designed with four channels, exemplifies an advanced solution for balancing cardan shafts and as a measurement system for balancing machines. By utilizing such sophisticated balancers, industries can significantly decrease the risk associated with imbalanced operations.
Applications of Generator Balancing
Generator balancing can be applied across various applications, providing substantial benefits. For instance, in the manufacturing sector, balancing industrial fans is critical to maintaining proper airflow and reducing noise levels. Similarly, balancing equipment such as mulchers and augers ensures efficiency during operation, reducing wear and prolonging machine life. In centrifuge operations, frequent balancing is vital to preventing breakdowns and ensuring optimal performance, especially when separating liquid mixtures in the medical and chemical industries.
The Importance of Regular Balancing
The adage “prevention is better than cure” resonates strongly within the context of generator balancing. Regular balancing of equipment like centrifuges can help avoid costly breakdowns and maintenance issues, which could result from operational imbalances. By maintaining a strict schedule for balancing, industries can ensure not just efficiency, but also safety. A well-balanced generator operates smoothly, reducing the risk of accidents and equipment failures that can lead to dangerous situations. Furthermore, it contributes to energy efficiency, as balanced equipment typically consumes less power due to minimized vibrations and more effective operating conditions.
Understanding Static vs. Dynamic Balance
It is crucial to differentiate between static balance and dynamic balance when discussing generator balancing. Static balance refers to the condition where an object, such as a horizontal shaft, remains motionless when supported at its center of gravity. In contrast, dynamic balance is more complex and involves the behavior of the device under operational conditions. Dynamic balancing measures how the rotor behaves when it is turned at operational speeds and ensures that vibrations are minimized throughout its performance. This is where instruments like the Balanset series shine, providing detailed analysis and correction capabilities.
Vibration Analysis and Measurement
The process of vibration analysis is an integral part of achieving effective generator balancing. Tools such as the optical sensor (laser tachometer) and vibration sensors are indispensable in collecting data necessary for analysis. This data allows technicians to identify imbalances and quantify the effectiveness of the balancing process. The portability of devices like the Balanset-1A and Balanset-4 enables flexibility in where and how balancing can be performed, making it easier for technicians to conduct on-site assessments and corrections.
Impacts on Productivity and Maintenance
Implementing proper generator balancing procedures has direct implications for productivity levels within an organization. Equipment that operates at peak efficiency can perform its intended tasks with greater speed and precision. Additionally, reduced downtime due to maintenance and repairs leads to improved overall productivity. Balancing reduces vibrations and wear on machinery, meaning there is less frequent need for repairs or replacements, thus lowering operational costs in the long run.
Conclusion: A Necessity for Modern Industries
In conclusion, generator balancing is not merely an optional maintenance step; it is a necessity for modern industries that rely on rotating machinery for their operations. With tools like the Balanset-1A and Balanset-4, businesses can effectively conduct dynamic balancing to optimize performance, enhance safety, and reduce costs associated with equipment failures and inefficiencies. Emphasizing routine generator balancing through the use of portable and sophisticated devices can significantly contribute to a company’s overall success and sustainability in a competitive landscape.
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